Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal

CLINICAL MEDICINE

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DOI 10.34014/2227-1848-2020-3-82-103

 

ROLE OF CANCER STEM CELLS IN OVARIAN CARCINOGENESIS

 

S.O. Gening1, I.I. Antoneeva1,2

1 Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russia;

2 Ulyanovsk Regional Oncological Clinic, Ulyanovsk, Russia

 

Ovarian cancer (OC) is an aggressive malignant tumor (MT) with a relapsing course and a low 5-year survival rate. Most cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, while treatment options for OC are limited. Thus, the development of primary or secondary resistance to standard chemotherapy is often fatal for patients. MT heterogeneity contributes to the survival of the most adapted cells during the selection; such cells need high tumorigenicity in the site of a disease for further expansion of the surviving clone and fixation of a stable phenotype in the focus. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) combine these characteristics and are at the top of the hierarchical tumor structure. Their biological properties, such as the ability to self-renewal, and multilinear differentiation, are similar to those of normal human stem cells. Phenotypic plasticity and interaction with other parenchyma components, tumor stroma, and extra-tumor elements allow CSCs to withstand unfavorable conditions, such as chemotherapy, immunological surveillance, physical damaging factors and anoikis in the blood and lymphatic bed, and unusual microenvironment of targeted metastasis organs in the case of distant metastasis.

More and more research articles are devoted to finding ways to use CSCs as a predictive and prognostic biomarker and as a target for therapy. However, unambiguous identification of CSCs, their counting, and specific elimination are a difficult problem. Currently, science is at the stage of accumulating data on this topic.

The review summarizes current advances in understanding CSC biology and their impact on OC clinical progression. The literature search was carried out in PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary databases.

Keywords: ovarian cancer, cancer stem cells, chemotherapy, carcinogenesis, drug resistance.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

 

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Received 20 June 2020; accepted 18 July 2020.

 

Information about the authors

Gening Snezhanna Olegovna, 3rd-year post-graduate student, Chair of Oncology and Radiology, teaching assistant, Chair of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ulyanovsk State University. 432017, Russia, Ulyanovsk, L. Tolstoy Street, 42; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6970-6659

Antoneeva Inna Ivanovna, Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Chair of Oncology and Radiology, Ulyanovsk State University. 432017, Russia, Ulyanovsk, L. Tolstoy Street, 42; Head of the Gynecological Department, Ulyanovsk Regional Oncological Clinic. 432048, Russia, Ulyanovsk, 12 September Street, 60; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1525-2070

 

For citation

Gening S.O., Antoneeva I.I. Rol' stvolovykh opukholevykh kletok v kantserogeneze raka yaichnikov [Role of cancer stem cells in ovarian carcinogenesis]. Ul'yanovskiy mediko-biologicheskiy zhurnal. 2020; 3: 82–103. DOI: 10.34014/2227-1848-2020-3-82-103 (in Russian).

 

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УДК 616-006.66:616-08-039.34

DOI 10.34014/2227-1848-2020-3-82-103

 

РОЛЬ СТВОЛОВЫХ ОПУХОЛЕВЫХ КЛЕТОК В КАНЦЕРОГЕНЕЗЕ РАКА ЯИЧНИКОВ

 

С.О. Генинг1, И.И. Антонеева1,2

1 ФГБОУ ВО «Ульяновский государственный университет», г. Ульяновск, Россия;

2 ГУЗ Областной клинический онкологический диспансер, г. Ульяновск, Россия

 

Рак яичников (РЯ) – агрессивная злокачественная опухоль (ЗО) с рецидивирующим течением и низкой 5-летней выживаемостью пациенток. Большинство случаев диагностируется на распространенных стадиях, а терапевтические опции при РЯ ограничены, поэтому развитие первичной или вторичной резистентности к стандартной химиотерапии часто является фатальным для больной. Гетерогенность ЗО приводит к тому, что в ходе селекции выживают наиболее адаптированные клетки; для дальнейшей экспансии выжившего клона и закрепления устойчивого фенотипа в очаге им необходима высокая туморогенность. Стволовые опухолевые клетки (СОК) сочетают в себе эти характеристики и стоят на вершине иерархической структуры опухоли. Их биологические свойства, такие как способность к самообновлению, мультилинейная дифференцировка, схожи со свойствами нормальных стволовых клеток человека. Пластичность фенотипа и взаимодействие с иными составляющими паренхимы, стромы опухоли, а также внеопухолевыми элементами позволяют СОК противостоять неблагоприятным условиям: воздействию химиопрепаратов, иммунологическому надзору, физическим повреждающим факторам и аноикису в кровеносном и лимфатическом русле, непривычному микроокружению таргетных органов при отдаленном метастазировании.

Все больше работ посвящается поиску путей использования СОК как предиктивного и прогностического биомаркера и как мишени для терапии, однако их однозначная идентификация, подсчет и специфическая элиминация представляют сложную проблему. В настоящее время наука находится на этапе накопления данных по этой тематике.

В обзоре суммированы современные достижения в понимании биологии СОК и их влияния на клиническое течение РЯ. Поиск литературы осуществлялся по базам данных PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary.

Ключевые слова: рак яичников, стволовые опухолевые клетки, химиотерапия, канцерогенез, лекарственная устойчивость.

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

 

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Поступила в редакцию 20.06.2020; принята 18.07.2020.

 

Авторский коллектив

Генинг Снежанна Олеговна – аспирант третьего года обучения по специальности «Онкология» кафедры онкологии и лучевой диагностики, ассистент кафедры физиологии и патофизиологии, ФГБОУ ВО «Ульяновский государственный университет». 432017, Россия, г. Ульяновск, ул. Л. Толстого, 42; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6970-6659

Антонеева Инна Ивановна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры онкологии и лучевой диагностики, ФГБОУ ВО «Ульяновский государственный университет». 432017, Россия, г. Ульяновск, ул. Л. Толстого, 42; заведующая гинекологическим отделением, ГУЗ Областной клинический онкологический диспансер. 432048, Россия, г. Ульяновск, ул. 12 Сентября, 60; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1525-2070

 

Образец цитирования

Генинг С.О., Антонеева И.И. Роль стволовых опухолевых клеток в канцерогенезе рака яичников. Ульяновский медико-биологический журнал. 2020; 3: 82–103. DOI: 10.34014/2227-1848-2020-3-82-103.