Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal

CLINICAL MEDICINE

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DOI 10.34014/2227-1848-2021-1-57-70

 

COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA AS AN URGENT PROBLEM OF MODERN SOCIETY

 

V.A. Serov, V.V. Gnoevykh, D.V. Serova, E.R. Sakaeva

Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russia

 

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, there are still many unresolved issues in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease despite its enormous social and economic significance. Mortality associated with CAP in elderly patients is increasing, as the proportion of people over 65 is growing every year.

The purpose of this review is to consider the most significant issues in CAP diagnostics and treatment, that will improve the quality of medical care and prognosis of CAP patients.

Data from Pubmed, eLIBRARY, and other sources were used to collect the information.

The lack of an adequate etiological diagnosis of bacterial CAP has led to unjustified antibacterial therapy, which contributes to the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms and increase in side effects of antibiotics. During COVID-19 pandemic, it has become even more difficult etiologically to diagnose infectious respiratory diseases. The lack of knowledge about the peculiarities of managing patients with comorbid pathology has become more evident. Everyone has understood that the severity of bronchopulmonary diseases was underestimated by the population. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most formidable CAP complications. The authors describe pathogenetic mechanisms of renal dysfunction, diagnostic methods, AKI treatment and prevention in patients with CAP. Underestimation of the forecast severity, both medium-term and long-term, in patiemts with CAP leads to an insufficiently high level of immunization against influenza and pneumococcus. The authors declare that it is desirable to pay much attention to preventive health messages not only relating to cardiovascular or oncological diseases, but also infectious respiratory diseases.

Keywords: community-acquired pneumonia, microbiological diagnostics, comorbidity, preventive health messages.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

 

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Received 18 January 2021; accepted 16 February 2021.

 

Information about the authors

Serov Valeriy Anatol'evich, Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Chair of Therapy and Occupational Diseases, Ulyanovsk State University. 432017, Russia, Ulyanovsk, L. Tolstoy St., 42; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8262-8816

Gnoevykh Valeriy Viktorovich, Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Head of the Chair of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Ulyanovsk State University. 432017, Russia, Ulyanovsk, L. Tolstoy St., 42; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8009-0557

Serova Diana Valer'evna, Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Chair of Therapy and Occupational Diseases, Ulyanovsk State University. 432017, Russia, Ulyanovsk, L. Tolstoy St., 42; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7729-552X

Sakaeva El'vira Raisovna, Teaching Assistant, Chair of Therapy and Occupational Diseases, Ulyanovsk State University. 432017, Russia, Ulyanovsk, L. Tolstoy St., 42; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1646-3213

 

For citation

Serov V.A., Gnoevykh V.V., Serova D.V., Sakaeva E.R. Vnebol'nichnaya pnevmoniya – aktual'naya problema sovremennogo obshchestva [Community-acquired pneumonia as an urgent problem of modern society]. Ul'yanovskiy mediko-biologicheskiy zhurnal. 2021; 1: 57–70. DOI: 10.34014/2227-1848-2021-1-57-70 (in Russian)

 

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DOI 10.34014/2227-1848-2021-1-57-70

 

ВНЕБОЛЬНИЧНАЯ ПНЕВМОНИЯ - АКТУАЛЬНАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА СОВРЕМЕННОГО ОБЩЕСТВА

 

В.А. Серов, В.В. Гноевых, Д.В. Серова, Э.Р. Сакаева

ФГБОУ ВО «Ульяновский государственный университет», г. Ульяновск, Россия

 

Внебольничная пневмония (ВП) является одной из главных причин заболеваемости и смертности населения во всем мире. Однако несмотря на огромную социально-экономическую значимость этой патологии остается большое количество нерешенных вопросов по профилактике, диагностике и лечению данного заболевания. Особую тревогу вызывает увеличение смертности от ВП у пациентов пожилого возраста, так как во всех развитых странах удельный вес лиц старше 65 лет с каждым годом растет.

Целью настоящего обзора является рассмотрение наиболее значимых проблем диагностики и лечения ВП, решение которых позволит повысить качество оказания медицинской помощи и улучшить прогноз пациентов с ВП.

В качестве источников информации использовались данные электронных библиотек Pubmed, eLIBRARY и др.

Отсутствие адекватной этиологической диагностики бактериальной ВП привело к серьезной опасности необоснованной антибактериальной терапии, которая способствует распространению антибиотикорезистентных штаммов микроорганизмов и росту частоты побочного действия антибиотиков. В период коронавирусной пандемии особенно ярко проявились трудности этиологической диагностики инфекционных заболеваний дыхательных путей, недостаточность знаний об особенностях ведения больных с коморбидной патологией, недооценка населением серьезности бронхолегочных заболеваний. Одним из наиболее грозных осложнений ВП является острое повреждение почек (ОПП). Авторы описывают патогенетические механизмы нарушения функции почек, методы диагностики, тактику лечения и профилактики ОПП при ВП. Недооценка серьезности прогноза, в т.ч. средне- и долгосрочного, при ВП ведет к недостаточно высокому уровню использования вакцин против гриппа и пневмококка. Обращает на себя внимание необходимость усиления санитарно-просветительской работы с населением в отношении не только сердечно-сосудистых или онкологических заболеваний, но и инфекционных заболеваний дыхательных путей.

Ключевые слова: внебольничная пневмония, микробиологическая диагностика, коморбидность, санитарное просвещение.

 

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Поступила в редакцию 18.01.2021; принята 16.02.2021.

 

Авторский коллектив

Серов Валерий Анатольевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры терапии и профессиональных болезней, ФГБОУ ВО «Ульяновский государственный университет». 432017, Россия, г. Ульяновск, ул. Л. Толстого, 42; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8262-8816

Гноевых Валерий Викторович – доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней, ФГБОУ ВО «Ульяновский государственный университет». 432017, Россия, г. Ульяновск, ул. Л. Толстого, 42; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8009-0557

Серова Диана Валерьевна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры терапии и профессиональных болезней, ФГБОУ ВО «Ульяновский государственный университет». 432017, Россия, г. Ульяновск, ул. Л. Толстого, 42; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7729-552X

Сакаева Эльвира Раисовна – ассистент кафедры терапии и профессиональных болезней, ФГБОУ ВО «Ульяновский государственный университет». 432017, Россия, г. Ульяновск, ул. Л. Толстого, 42; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1646-3213

 

Образец цитирования

Серов В.А., Гноевых В.В., Серова Д.В., Сакаева Э.Р. Внебольничная пневмония – актуальная проблема современного общества. Ульяновский медико-биологический журнал. 2021; 1: 57–70. DOI: 10.34014/2227-1848-2021-1-57-70