Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal

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DOI 10.34014/2227-1848-2024-1-6-27

CARCINOGENIC EFFECT OF VARIOUS TYPES OF SMOKE

S.K. Pinaev1, O.G. Pinaeva1, A.Ya. Chizhov2,3,4

1 Far Eastern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk, Russia;

2 RUDN University: Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia;

3 Medical ecological center "Mountain air XXI century", Moscow, Russia;

4 Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan, Moscow, Russia

 

All types of smoke are carcinogenic. Increasing air smoke is a serious global problem. Knowledge on carcinogenic effects of various types of smoke is necessary to work out effective preventive measures.

The purpose of the review is to characterize the general characteristics and peculiarities of the carcinogenic effects of various types of smoke. The most significant carcinogens of all types of smoke are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals and carbon microparticles. Any smoke is an etiological factor for respiratory tract cancer, and systemic neoplasms (tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, central and peripheral nervous systems, soft tissues and skeleton). Tobacco smoke may be involved in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer due to the induction of local immunosuppression and specific tropic nitrosamines. Exhaust fumes due to high benzene content may cause hematological malignancies, especially leukemia in children. Wildfire smoke, due to significant amounts of ultra-fine carbon particles PM0.1, contributes to the development of central nervous system tumors. Severe contamination with natural and artificial radionuclides makes wildfire smoke a factor of high carcinogenic danger for the human population globally. Prevention of malignant neoplasms caused by smoke requires government measures to promote smoking cessation, hybrid and electric engines in automobiles, as well as wildfire prevention, early detection and extinction. Effective respirators and indoor air filters should be used for personal protection. To relieve environmentally caused oxidative stress, herbal medicines and food products that stimulate autophagy, as well as transfer factors for immunodeficiency correction, are recommended.

Key words: ecology, tobacco smoking, exhaust fumes, wildfire, carbon microparticles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, nitrosamines, radionuclides, neoplasms.

 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Author contributions

Research concept and design: Pinaev S.K., Chizhov A.Ya.

Literature search: Pinaev S.K., Pinaeva O.G.

Text writing and editing: Pinaev S.K., Chizhov A.Ya., Pinaeva O.G.

 

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Received July 27, 2023; accepted December 20, 2023.

 

Information about the authors

Pinaev Sergey Konstantinovich, Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Chair of Oncology with a Course in Surgery and Endoscopy, Far Eastern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 680000, Russia, Khabarovsk, Muravyov-Amursky St., 35; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-2376

Pinaeva Ol'ga Gennad'evna, Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Chair of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Far Eastern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 680000, Russia, Khabarovsk, Muravyov-Amursky St., 35; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-845X

Chizhov Aleksey Yaroslavovich, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Academician of the Russian Ecological Academy, Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Consulting Professor, Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, RUDN University: Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. 117198, Russia, Moscow, Miklukho-Maklay St., 6; General Director, Medical Ecological Center “Mountain Air XXI Century”. 115093, Russia, Moscow, Podolskoe highway, 8/5; Professor, Chair of Radiation Medicine, Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan. 123098, Russia, Moscow, Marshala Novikov St., 23; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/00000-0003-0542-1552

For citation

Pinaev S.K., Pinaeva O.G., Chizhov A.Ya. Osobennosti kantserogennogo deystviya razlichnykh vidov dyma [Carcinogenic effect of various types of smoke]. Ul'yanovskiy mediko-biologicheskiy zhurnal. 2024; 1: 6–27. DOI: 10.34014/2227-1848-2024-1-6-27 (in Russian).

 

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УДК 613.84+617.84]616-006

DOI 10.34014/2227-1848-2024-1-6-27

ОСОБЕННОСТИ КАНЦЕРОГЕННОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВИДОВ ДЫМА

С.К. Пинаев1, О.Г. Пинаева1, А.Я. Чижов2,3,4

1 ФГБОУ ВО «Дальневосточный государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, г. Хабаровск, Россия;

2 ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы», г. Москва, Россия;

3 Медико-экологический центр «Горный воздух XXI век», г. Москва, Россия;

4 ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации – Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна», г. Москва, Россия

 

Все виды дыма обладают канцерогенными свойствами. Нарастающее задымление воздушной среды является серьезной мировой проблемой. Знание особенностей канцерогенного действия различных форм дыма необходимо для разработки эффективных мер профилактики.

Цель обзора – охарактеризовать общие черты и особенности канцерогенного действия различных видов дыма.

Наиболее значимыми канцерогенами всех форм дыма являются полициклические ароматические углеводороды, тяжелые металлы и микрочастицы углерода. Дым любой природы является этиологическим фактором рака дыхательных путей, а также системных новообразований (опухолей кроветворной и лимфоидной тканей, центральной и периферической нервных систем, мягких тканей и скелета). Табачный дым может быть причастен к патогенезу рака шейки матки вследствие индукции локальной иммуносупрессии и наличия тропных специфических нитрозаминов. Выхлопные газы в связи с высоким содержанием бензола могут являться одной из причин возникновения гемобластозов, особенно лейкоза у детей. Дым лесных пожаров в связи с присутствием значительного количества сверхмалых частиц углерода PM0,1 способствует возникновению опухолей центральной нервной системы. Выраженное загрязнение природными и искусственными радионуклидами делает дым лесных пожаров фактором высокой канцерогенной опасности для человеческой популяции в глобальном масштабе. Профилактика вызванных дымом злокачественных новообразований требует государственных мер по пропаганде отказа от курения, переводу транспортных средств на гибридные и электрические двигатели, предупреждению, раннему выявлению и тушению лесных пожаров. В качестве персональной защиты следует использовать эффективные респираторы и воздушные фильтры для помещений. Для купирования экологически обусловленного окислительного стресса рекомендуются фитопрепараты и пищевые продукты, стимулирующие аутофагию, а также трансфер факторы для коррекции иммунодефицита.

Ключевые слова: экология, курение табака, выхлопные газы, лесные пожары, микрочастицы углерода, полициклические ароматические углеводороды, бензол, нитрозамины, радионуклиды, новообразования.

 

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Вклад авторов

Концепция и дизайн исследования: Пинаев С.К., Чижов А.Я.

Литературный поиск: Пинаев С.К., Пинаева О.Г.

Написание и редактирование текста: Пинаев С.К., Чижов А.Я., Пинаева О.Г.

 

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Поступила в редакцию 27.07.2023; принята 20.12.2023.

 

Авторский коллектив

Пинаев Сергей Константинович – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры онкологии с курсом хирургии и эндоскопии ДПО, ФГБОУ ВО «Дальневосточный государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России. 680000, Россия, г. Хабаровск, ул. Муравьева-Амурского, 35; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-2376

Пинаева Ольга Геннадьевна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры нормальной и патологической физиологии, ФГБОУ ВО «Дальневосточный государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России. 680000, Россия, г. Хабаровск, ул. Муравьева-Амурского, 35; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-845X

Чижов Алексей Ярославович – заслуженный деятель науки РФ, академик Российской экологической академии, доктор медицинских наук, профессор-консультант Департамента экологии человека и биоэлементологии, ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы». 117198, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6; генеральный директор, Медико-экологический центр «Горный воздух XXI век». 115093, Россия, г. Москва, Подольское шоссе, 8/5; профессор кафедры радиационной медицины, ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации – Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна». 123098, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, 23; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/00000-0003-0542-1552

Образец цитирования

Пинаев С.К., Пинаева О.Г., Чижов А.Я. Особенности канцерогенного действия различных видов дыма. Ульяновский медико-биологический журнал. 2024; 1: 6–27. DOI: 10.34014/2227-1848-2024-1-6-27.