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DOI: 10.23648/UMBJ.2018.29.11371

УДК 612.826.4

РОЛЬ АРГИНИН-ВАЗОПРЕССИНА В РЕГУЛЯЦИИ ФУНКЦИИ ЦИРКАДИАННЫХ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЧАСОВ СУПРАХАРИЗМАТИЧЕСКОГО ЯДРА ГИПОТАЛАМУСА

М.А. Ткачева, Е.М. Инюшкина, С.Д. Карян, А.Н. Инюшкин

ФГАОУ ВО «Самарский национальный исследовательский университет им. академика С.П. Королева», г. Самара, Россия

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Аргинин-вазопрессин является наиболее распространенным нейропептидом в нейронах супрахиазматического ядра млекопитающих, выполняющим роль главного циркадианного осциллятора. Существует суточный ритм количества вазопрессинергических нейронов в супрахиазматическом ядре с ростом в дневные часы и увеличением продукции вазопрессина в утренние часы. Этот ритм важен для циклической суточной регуляции активности гормональных гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковой и гипоталамо-гипофизарно-гонадальной осей, а также тонуса вегетативной нервной системы. Вазопрессинергические нейроны супрахиазматического ядра оказались вовлеченными в патогенез ряда заболеваний, в частности первичной артериальной гипертензии, депрессивных состояний.

Цель исследования состояла в изучении влияния аргинин-вазопрессина на параметры электрической активности нейронов циркадианного осциллятора.

Материалы и методы. Эксперименты выполнены in vitro на переживающих срезах гипоталамуса крыс-самцов линии Вистар. С помощью электрофизиологической техники микроэлектродной регистрации изучали влияние аппликаций 20 нМ вазопрессина в перфузионный раствор на параметры спайковой активности нейронов супрахиазматического ядра.

Результаты. В супрахиазматическом ядре обнаружены нейроны с четырьмя различными типами спайковой активности: нерегулярным, регулярным, низким и залповым. Эти типы активности различались по частоте генерации потенциалов действия, энтропии распределения межспайковых интервалов, являющейся мерой нерегулярности генерации спайков, и обоюдной информации между сопряженными межспайковыми интервалами, отражающей степень паттернирования спайкового кода. Аппликации вазопрессина вызывали рост уровня активности у 52,3 % исследованных нейронов, сопровождавшийся снижением энтропии распределения межспайковых интервалов и ростом обоюдной информации между сопряженными межспайковыми интервалами, что свидетельствует о влиянии вазопрессина на параметры спайкового кодирования информации. Описанный тип реакций обнаружен у 88,8 % нейронов с низкой активностью, 64,3 % нейронов с нерегулярной активностью, 60,0 % нейронов с залповой активностью и 21,7 % нейронов с регулярной активностью. Лишь в 4,6 % случаев реакции на воздействие вазопрессина характеризовались снижением уровня спайковой активности.

Заключение. Представленные данные свидетельствуют о том, что вазопрессин, занимая одно из центральных мест в регуляции осмотического давления и тонуса кровеносных сосудов человека и млекопитающих, способен также оказывать влияние на биологические ритмы. Это влияние объясняется непосредственными эффектами данного пептида на уровне нейронов супрахиазматического ядра.

Ключевые слова: вазопрессин, супрахиазматическое ядро гипоталамуса, реабсорбция, имунноцитохимия, осморецепторы, биологические ритмы, спайковое кодирование информации.

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DOI: 10.23648/UMBJ.2018.29.11371

ROLE OF ARGININE-VAZOPRESSIN IN REGULATION OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHM NEURONS OF SUPRACHIASMATIC HYPOTHALAMUS NUCLEUS

M.A. Tkacheva, E.M. Inyushkina, S.D. Karyan, A.N. Inyushkin

Samara National Research University, Samara, Russia

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Arginine-vasopressin is the most common neuropeptide in neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of mammals, which acts as the main circadian oscillator. Vasopressinergic neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus undergo a daily rhythm: they grow in the daytime, but vasopressin production increases in the morning. This rhythm is important for cyclical daily regulation of hormonal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes, and for the autonomic nervous system tonus. Vasopressinergic neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus are involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, namely, arterial hypertension, and depressive states.

The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of arginine-vasopressin on neuronal electrical activity in a circadian oscillator.

Materials and Methods. The experiments were conducted in vitro on dead-end sections of male Wistar rats’ hypothalamus. Electrophysiological method for microelectrode registration was used to study the effect of 20 nM vasopressin applications in the perfused solution on the parameters of the spike activity of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons.

Results. Neurons with four different types of spike activity were found in the suprachiasmatic nucleus: irregular, regular, low and volatile. These types of activity differed in the frequency of action potentials, entropy distribution of inter-spike intervals, which is a measure of spike generation irregularity, and information between adjacent interspike intervals, reflecting the degree of spike code patterning. Vasopressin application caused an increase in neuronal activity (52.3 %). It was accompanied by a decrease in the entropy of inter-spike interval distribution and an increase in information between the adjacent inter-spike intervals. The abtained data indicate vasopressin influence on the parameters of spike information coding. The abovementioned reactions were found in 88.8% of neurons with low activity, 64.3 % of neurons with irregular activity, 60.0% of neurons with volatile activity and 21.7 % of neurons with regular activity. Only in 4.6 %, the reactions to vasopressin effects were accompanied by a decrease in the spike activity level.

Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that vasopressin, being one of the main regulators of osmotic pressure and blood vessel tonus in humans and mammals, is also able to influence biological rhythms. This influence is explained by the short-range effects of this peptide at the level of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons.

Keywords: vasopressin, suprachiasmatic hypothalamus nucleus, reabsorption, immunocytochemistry, osmoreceptors, biological rhythms, spike information coding.

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