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DOI 10.23648/UMBJ.2018.32.22685

УДК 616.1:616-018.74-092

 

РОЛЬ ЭНДОТЕЛИАЛЬНОЙ ДИСФУНКЦИИ В ПАТОЛОГИИ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

О.Г. Радайкина, А.П. Власов, Н.А. Мышкина

ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет
им. Н.П. Огарева», г. Саранск, Россия

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Обзор литературы посвящен роли эндотелиальной дисфункции в развитии сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний: гипертонической болезни, атеросклероза, ишемической болезни сердца, хронической сердечной недостаточности. Цель обзора – определить вклад дисфункции эндотелия в патогенез данных заболеваний.

Эндотелий рассмотрен как единый паракринный орган, распределенный по всей поверхности человеческого тела. Проанализировано функционирование эндотелия в физиологических условиях и факторы, влияющие на нарушение его функционирования. Описана выработка эндотелиальными клетками разнонаправленных медиаторов, в т.ч. оксида азота, и вскрыты их функции. Оксид азота представлен как универсальный ключевой ангиопротективный фактор и антиатеросклеротический агент. Выявлена определяющая роль гемодинамического фактора в выработке оксида азота на начальных этапах гипертонической болезни. Описан процесс синтеза оксида азота, образования промежуточных веществ и их влияния на сосуды. Установлено модулирующее влияние оксида азота на другие медиаторы, его участие в регуляции ремоделирования и развития атеросклеротических изменений сосудистой стенки. Рассмотрена реакция эндотелия на снижение выработки оксида азота в ответ на действие факторов, приводящих к повреждению эндотелия. Выявлена роль других вазодилатирующих агентов при снижении уровня оксида азота. В частности, роль ангиотензина II, оказывающего мощное вазоконстрикторное действие на артериальные сосуды, стимулирующего выработку цитокинов и тем самым инициирующего воспалительный процесс в сосудистой стенке. Рассмотрены некоторые медикаментозные и немедикаментозные пути улучшения функций эндотелия.

Ключевые слова: эндотелий, дисфункция эндотелия, оксид азота, патология сердечно-сосудистой системы.

Литература

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DOI 10.23648/UMBJ.2018.32.22685

 

ROLE OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM PATHOLOGY

O.G. Radaykina, A.P. Vlasov, N.A. Myshkina

Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia

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The literature review focuses on the role of endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and chronic heart failure. The purpose of the review is to determine the role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of these diseases.

The endothelium is considered as a single paracrine organ distributed over the entire surface of the human body. Endothelium functioning under physiological conditions and factors affecting its functioning are analyzed. The production of multidirectional mediators (including nitric oxide) by endothelial cells and their functions is revealed. Nitric oxide is presented as a universal key angioprotective factor and an anti-atherosclerotic agent. The crucial role of the hemodynamic factor in the production of nitric oxide in the initial stages of hypertension is revealed. The process of nitric oxide synthesis, intermediate substance formation and their effect on the vessels is described. The modulating effect of nitric oxide on other mediators, its role in remodeling regulation and the development of atherosclerotic changes in the vascular wall is established. The endothelium reaction to decrease in nitric oxide production in response to factors leading to endothelium damage is considered. The role of other vasodilating agents in case of decrease in nitric oxide level is revealed, e.g., the role of angiotensin II, which has a powerful vasoconstrictor effect on arterial vessels, stimulates the cytokine production and, thus, initiates an inflammatory process in vascular walls. Some pharmacological and drug-free ways to improve endothelium functions are considered.

Keywords: endothelium, endothelium dysfunction, nitric oxide, cardiovascular pathology.

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18. Galle J., Heermeier K. Angiotensin II and oxidized LDL: an unholy alliance creating oxidative stress. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999; 14: 2585–2589.

19. Harrison D.G. Endothelial function and oxidant stress. Clin. Cardiol. 1997; 20: 11–17.

20. Lusher T.E., Barton M. Biology of the endothelium. Clin. Cardiol. 1997; 10 (suppl. II): 3–10.

21. Panza J.A., Casino P.R., Kilcoyne C.M., Quyyumi A.A. Role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in the abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation of patients with essential hypertension. Circulation. 1993; 87: 1468–1474.

22. Vanhoutte P.M., Boulanger C.M., Mombouli J.V. Endothelium – derivative relaxing genes and inhibition of an enzyme of conversion. J. Cardiol. 1995; 24: 3–12.

23. Zeiher A.M., Fisslthaler B., Schray U., Busse R. Nitric oxide modulates the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in cultured human endothelial cells. Circ. Res. 1995; 76: 86–98.

24. Stamler J.S. Redox signaling: nitrosylation and related target interactions of nitric oxide. Cell. 1994; 74: 931–938.

25. Dzau V.J. Tissue Angiotensin and Pathobiology of Vascular Disease. Hypertension. 2001; 37: 1047.

26. Baudin B., Berard M., Carrier J.L., Legran Y., Drouet L. The vascular origin of coordinates is determined angiotensin I expression of an enzyme with conversion in endothelial cells. Hypertension. 1997; 29: 124–131.

27. Clozel M., Kuhn H., Hefti F., Baumgartner H.R. Endothelial dysfunction and subendothelial monocyte macrophages in hypertension. Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. Hypertension. 1991; 18: 132–141.

28. Creager M.A., Cooke J.P., Mendelsohn M.E. Impaired vasodilation of forearm resistance vessels in hypercholesterolemic humans. J. Clin. Invest. 1990; 86: 228–234.

29. Johnstone M.T., Creager S.J., Scales K.M., Cusco J.A., Lee B.K., Creager M.A. Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 1993; 88: 2510–2516.

30. Zeiher A.M., Schachinger V., Minners J. Long-term сigarette smoking impairs endothelium-dependent coronary arterial vasodilator function. Circulation. 1995; 92: 1094–1100.

31. Chambers J.C., McGregor A., Jean-Marie J., Obeid O.A., Kooner O.A. Demonstration of Rapid Onset Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction After Hyperhomocysteinemia: An Effect Reversible With Vitamin C Therapy. Circulation. 1999: 1156–1160.

32. Yoshida A., Nakao S., Kobayashi M., Kobayashi H. Flow-Mediated Vasodilation and Plasma Fibronectin Levels in Preeclampsia. Hypertension. 2000; 36: 400–404.

33. Maiorana A., O'Driscoll G., Dembo L., Cheetham C., Goodman C., Taylor R., Green D. Effect of aerobic and resistance exercise training on vascular function in heart failure. Am J. Physiol. 2000; 279: 1999–2005.

34. Quyyumi A.A., Dakak N., Andrews N.P., Husain S., Arora S., Gilligan D.M., Panza J.A., Cannon R.O. Nitric oxide activity in the human coronary circulation: impact of risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis. J. Clin. Invest. 1995; 95: 1747–1755.

35. Cai H., Harrison D.G. Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Oxidant Stress. Circ. Res. 2000; 87: 840.

36. Kerr S., Brosnan M.J., McIntyre M., Reid J.L., Dominiczak A.F., Hamilton C.A. Superoxide anion production is increased in a model of genetic hypertension: role of the endothelium. Hypertension. 1999; 33: 1353–1358.

37. Rubanyi G.M., Vanhoutte P.M. Superoxide anions and hyperoxia inactivate endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Am. J. Physiol. 1986; 250: 822–827.

38. Casino P.R., Kilcoyne C.M., Quyyumi A.A., Hoeg J.M., Panza J.A. Investigation of decreased availability of nitric oxide precursor as the mechanism responsible for impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemic patients. JACC. 1994; 23: 844–850.

39. Panza J.A., Quyumi A., Callahan T., Epstein S.E. Effect of antihypertensive treatment on endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension. JACC. 1993; 21: 1145–1151.

40. Lind L., Grantsam S., Millgard J. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypertension – A review. Blood Pressure. 2000; 9: 4–15.

41. Momboli J.V., Vanhoutte P.M. Endothelial function after converting-enzyme inhibition. Medicographia. 1996; 1 (18): 35–40.

42. Benzuly K.H., Padgett R.C., Koul S., Piegors D.J., Armstrong M.L. Functional improvement precedes structural regression of atherosclerosis. Circulation. 1994; 89: 1810–1818.

43. Davis S.F., Yeung A.C., Meridith I.T., Charbonneau F., Ganz P., Selwyn A.P., Anderson T.J. Early endothelial dysfunction predicts the development ottransplant coronary artery disease at I year posttransplant. Circulation. 1996; 93: 457–462.

44. Celemajer D.S., Sorensen K.E., Georgakopoulos D. Cigarette smoking is associated with dose-related and potentially reversible inpairement of endothelium-dependent dilation in healthy young adults. Circulation. 1993; 88: 2140–2155.

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